M-Audio KeyStudio Guide de l'utilisateur télécharger pdf (Page 13)

KeyStudio User Guide

YouwillndmanyMIDIdevicesrespondtoprogramchangecommandsandmanyareorganizedaccordingtotheGMlisting.In

GeneralMIDIdevices,differentsoundsareorganizedinthesamewayfromdevicetodevice.Pianosoundsareintheirparticular

place, string sounds are in their place, drum sounds are in their place, and so on. All GM devices (both hardware and software

soundmodules)areclearlylabeledassuch,soyouknowthattheirsoundsareorganizedintheGeneralMIDIstructure.WhenaGM

devicereceivesaMIDIprogramchange,itcallsupatypeofsoundthatyouexpectfromtheGMsoundset.Allnon-GMMIDIsound

modulescallupuniquesoundsfromtheirmemoryuponreceivingMIDIprogramchanges.Sincethesoundsinanon-GMdeviceare

not arranged in a particular order, you need to take a look at the device itself to see which sound you want and at which location in

thememoryitresides.ManyVSTinstrumentssuchasNativeInstruments’FM7orthesynthmodulesinPropellerheadReasonare

non-GM devices.

You can send program change, bank LSB and bank MSB messages directly from the KeyStudio keyboard. Please consult the

“Advanced KeyStudio Features in Edit Mode“ section of this User Guide for further details.

NRPN/RPNs

Non-registered parameter numbers (NRPN’s) are device-speciﬁc messages that enable you to control synths and sound modules

viaMIDI.TheMIDIspecicationdenesopenparameternumberstoallowmanufacturerstospecifytheirowncontrollers.Themore

commonoftheseareregisteredbytheMIDIManufacturer’sAssociationandarenowpartoftheMIDIspecication(hencetheterm

RegisteredParameterNumbers–RPN’s).(SeeAppendixB)EachNRPN/RPNhasanassociated2-bytenumber.Thetwobytes

allow for 128 values each. (An RPN or NRPN message is made up of two parts: the MSB and the LSB message. Both of these

messages together constitute an RPN or NRPN command.) This allows for 16,384 values in total.

MIDIcontrollers98and99representtheNRPNLSBandMSBrespectively,while100and101representtheRPNLSBand

MSBmessages(seetheMIDIcontrollerslistinAppendixB).TotransmitanNRPN/RPNmessage,theseLSBandMSBcontroller

messages are sent along with their user-speciﬁed values. A further controller message and value needs to be sent to specify the

(coarseorne)valueadjustment.Thisisspeciedbycontrollernumber6(dataentry)forcoarseadjustmentsornumber38forne

adjustments.

AlistofNRPN’sisusuallygivenintheuser’smanualofanydevicethatreceivesNRPNmessages.Itisalwaysnecessarythatthe

NRPN MSB and LSB be sent together. Both will be speciﬁed in the device’s manual.

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M-Audio KeyStudio Guide de l'utilisateur Page 13